Concentrates

Membrane filtration and ion exchange are both well proven technologies in the beverage and
industrial water preparation fields. They have major advantages over the traditional methods;

excellent product quality, limited use of chemicals and the simultaneous removal of numerous
parameters. There is a disadvantage however; the creation of a concentrated salt effl uent.
Current practice is to release these concentrates into the sewer system or directly to surface
water. This can lead to exceeding the (local) emission standards. The increasingly strict
emission standards (including the European Framework Directive on Water) mean that more
sustainable recycling techniques must be found. The “Concentrates” theme is focused on fi nding solutions for membrane concentrates, ion exchange reclaim and concentrated salt industrial effluent. The research is aimed primarily at: technologies to remove (and preferably reuse) specific components such as salts and antiscalants concepts for the reuse of concentrates in agriculture and industry possibilities for reducing the volume of concentrate etc.