Soils are living systems in which microbial communities play a central role in regulating key soil functions such as nutrient cycling, organic matter turnover, soil structure formation, water retention, and plant–soil interactions. These soil microbiomes are dynamic and respond to management practices and environmental conditions, offering opportunities to enhance soil functioning through targeted steering rather than direct material intervention. This theme focuses on understanding how soil microbiomes contribute to soil functionality and how their composition and activity respond to soil-specific needs and desired functions. By identifying functional demands, such as improved nutrient availability, structural stability, or stress resilience, the research links microbial community dynamics to the functions soils are expected to deliver, providing a basis for informed steering.
Based on this understanding, the theme explores strategies to steer and support soil microbiomes by adjusting soil conditions and management practices in line with functional objectives, effectively “feeding” microbial communities according to what the soil requires. Advanced analytical tools and functional indicators are used to monitor microbiome responses across soil types and farming systems, supporting knowledge-driven approaches to soil health and long-term agricultural resilience.